Nome científico publicado pela 1ª vez em:
Bot. Mag. 78: t. 4635 (1852). [1]
Região Geográfica de Origem
New Caledonia (Grande Terre Island, Isle of Pines and Loyalty Islands) [3]
Estado de Conservação
Least Concern (IUCN) [4]
Estatuto na região Açores
Exotic species under cultivation [5]
Sobre o(s) Exemplar(es)
Centenary specimen belonging to the original layout of the garden. The specimen was photographed by Colonel Afonso Chaves in 1901 [6] and identified by Joaquim Figueiredo in 1981. [7]
Height (2017): 38.1m / 125.0ft. [8]
Diameter at breast height (2016): 118cm / 46.46in. [9]
In this garden you can look for the mature male cones between May and June. [10]
Sobre o táxon
This coastal species was sighted by Lieutenant Cook from the sea in 1774 on his second circumnavigation expedition. The botanist Johann Reinhold Forster and his son the naturalist Georg Forster were also board the ship Resolution. [11] In 1786, G. Forst published the description of this species under the name Cupressus columnaris in his work: Florulae Insularum Australium: Prodromus, [12] but after 66 years, Sir William Jackson Hooker (Director of the Royal Gardens at Kew) places this species in the genus Araucaria, publishing in Curtis’s Botanical Magazine [1] the currently accepted name for this species. [13]
The trunk of adult New Caledonia pines has a characteristic inclination towards the imaginary line of the equator and this inclination is greater the greater the distance from the equator. [14] So while in the Northern Hemisphere trees lean towards the South, in the Southern Hemisphere the trees lean towards the North. Its seeds are edible. [15]
Descrição
Evergreen, resinous, monoecious tree up to 60m / 196.9ft) tall.
Columnar trunk typically inclined towards the imaginary line of the equator.
Crown, in the adult tree, narrowly columnar and sometimes rounded at the apex.
Trunk with approximately horizontal branches in whorls, lined with cord-like horizontal branchlets covered with simple, ovate to triangular or narrowly triangular scale-shaped leaves.
Terminal, cylindrical and pendent male cones; terminal, subglobose female cones on short branches.
Female cone scales are fused with the seed and disarticulate at maturity.
Referências
[1] Hooker, W. J. (1852). Curtis’s Botanical Magazin, Vol. 78, Plate 4635, Tab 4635.
[2] Farjon, A. (2010). A Handbook of the World’s Conifers. Vol. I & II. E. J. Brill, Leiden & Boston.
[3] The Gymnosperm Database (1997). https://www.conifers.org/ar/Araucaria_columnaris.php
[4] Thomas, P. (2010). Araucaria columnaris. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T42196A10661112. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T42196A10661112.en.
[5] Pereira, M.J.; Quintal, R.; Costa, C.; Albergaria, I. (2020). Green gardens Azores project: a brief characterization of the vascular flora in the Azores’ historical gardens. Revista Scientia Insularum, 3: 11-26. https://doi.org/10.25145/j.SI.2020.03.01
[6] Chaves, Colonel Afonso (1901). Garden of Visconde de Porto Formoso Garden – Photo (Courtesy of Carlos Machado Museum).
[7] Figueiredo, Joaquim (1981). Contribuição para o estudo botânico de algumas espécies arbustivas e arbóreas do jardim da Universidade. Trabalho realizado por alunos do curso de Biologia Fundamental II, ano letivo 1980/81. Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada.
[8] Carvalho, Victor (2010). Vistoria de araucária do Jardim da Universidade dos Açores. Serviço Florestal de Ponta Delgada, Proteção dos Arvoredos. Secretaria Regional da Agricultura e Florestas. Região Autónoma dos Açores.
[9] Rebelo, Gabriel Nonato da Penha (21.06.2016). Informação recolhida no âmbito da disciplina de ‘Projeto’ do curso de biologia (ramo ambiental e evolução).
[10] Pereira, M.J.; Vieira, V.; Furtado, D. (eds.) (2010). O Jardim Romântico da Universidade dos Açores, ed. 1. Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada.
[11] McLynn, F. (2011). Captain Cook: Master of the Seas. Yale University press, New Haven and London.
[12] Forster, G. (1786). Florulae Insularum Australium Prodromus. Gottingae.
[13] World Flora Online Data (2017). http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000260257
[14] Johns, Jason W.; Yost, Jennifer M.; Nicolle, Dean; Ritter, Matt K. (2017). Worldwide hemisphere-dependentlean in Cook pines. Ecology, 0(0): 1–3.
[15] NParks Flora & Fauna Web. A Singapore Government Agency Website (2022). https://www.nparks.gov.sg/florafaunaweb/flora/2/7/2721